Diabetes

Most often, you will hear diabetes being referred to more specifically by its three prevalent types; Type 1, type 2 and gestational diabetes.

 

Type 1 diabetes usually is first diagnosed in children and young adults, although it can occur at any age. It is an autoimmune disease that may be caused by genetic, environmental, or other factors. Type 1 diabetes accounts for about 5% of diabetes cases. There is no known way to prevent it, and effective treatment requires the use of insulin.

 

Individuals with type 2 diabetes can produce some insulin, but are unable to process the hormone due to one or more inhibiting factors, among which include obesity, poor diet, low activity levels and older age. This type of diabetes accounts for 90-95% of all cases. Type 2 diabetes can be prevented through healthy food choices, physical activity, and weight loss. It can be controlled with these same activities, but insulin or oral medication also may be necessary.

 

Gestational diabetes occurs in women who are pregnant as a result of pregnancy hormones blocking insulin from functioning correctly. Not all women develop gestational diabetes during pregnancy, but conditions including high blood pressure, family history of diabetes, age and obesity are all considered risk factors. It requires treatment to bring maternal blood glucose to normal levels and avoid complications in the infant.

 

There are currently more than 25 million people in the U.S., or 8.3% of the population, with diabetes. There are also an estimated 6 million undiagnosed individuals.